植物和紫外线 Plants & Ultraviolet Light

植物和紫外线 Plants & Ultraviolet Light

Ultraviolet (UV) light makes up a part of light. The human eye cannot see ultraviolet light as it is shorter than visible light. This ultraviolet light can be harmful to animals when they are exposed to it over a long period of time, according to the Ozone Hole. Fortunately, the clouds and the ozone are capable of deflecting enough of the UV radiation to where it is not too harmful.
紫外光是构成光的一部分。人眼不能看到紫外线，因为它比可见光短。根据臭氧洞，这种紫外线在长期暴露在动物身上时会对动物有害。幸运的是，云层和臭氧能够将足够多的紫外线辐射转移到不太有害的地方。

Defense Proteins
When plants are hit with ultraviolet light, this event triggers the plant’s defense mechanisms. The plant then becomes more resistant to insect attacks as it releases 15 defense proteins. The ultraviolet light also affects message pathways that impact plant development, growth and metabolism, according to Washington State University. The ultraviolet light tricks the plant into thinking that it is wounded, which occurs when the plant is being feed on by insects. However, the ultraviolet radiation does not help the plant compete with weeds, according to Plant Cell.
防御蛋白
当植物受到紫外线照射时，这一事件触发植物的防御机制。当植物释放出15种防御蛋白时，植物就变得对昆虫的攻击更具抵抗力。华盛顿州立大学还指出，紫外线还会影响植物发育、生长和新陈代谢的信息途径。紫外线使植物想到它是受伤的，当植物以昆虫为食时就会发生。然而，紫外线辐射并不能帮助植物与杂草竞争，根据植物细胞。

Crop Production
UV rays can also have a harmful effect on plants. UV radiation reduces production rates of crops, which reduces the worldwide availability of food, according to the Ozone Hole.
作物生产 
紫外线也会对植物产生有害的影响。根据臭氧空洞，紫外线辐射会降低农作物的产量，从而降低全世界的食物供应。

DNA Damage
Ultraviolet light can do damage to the DNA of the plant. These changes in DNA can have very random effects, causing some species of plants to mutate, according to Plant Cell. Also, the cells can die as a result of the DNA damage. To prevent these events, the DNA must be repaired before the DNA is replicated. The DNA is repaired through photoreactivation, excision repair or recombination repair.
DNA损伤
紫外线会破坏植物的DNA。DNA的这些变化可能有非常随机的影响，导致一些植物物种发生突变，根据植物细胞。此外，由于DNA损伤，细胞可能死亡。为了防止这些事件发生，DNA必须在DNA被复制前修复。DNA是通过光复活修复、切除修复和重组修复。

UV-B Radiation
Ultraviolet light can also do damage to the plant’s physiological processes. UV-B radiation reduces the amount of pollen that the plant is able to release, according to Plant Cell. The UV-B also reduces the biomass of the plant. These plants also experience epidermal deformation and cuticular wax composition. These effects not only come from the DNA damage but also from protein destruction, hormone inactivation and signal transduction, which is a conveyance of signals, through phytochrome. These changes can cause damage to the plant tissue, which can eventually cause plant death.
UV-B辐射
紫外线也会破坏植物的生理过程。UV-B辐射减少了植物能够释放花粉的数量，根据植物细胞。UV-B也降低了植物的生物量。这些植物也经历表皮变形和表皮蜡质成分。这些影响不仅来自DNA损伤也从蛋白破坏，激素的灭活和信号转导，这是传送信号，通过光敏色素。这些变化会对植物组织造成损害，最终导致植物死亡。

UV-C Radiation
Some kinds of ultraviolet light can cause more damage to plants than others. UV-C protons are very energetic and are very highly absorbed by the plants, so they can do a lot of damage very quickly, according to Plant Cell. Because of the speed in which the UV-C protons affect the plants, they are usually the rays used to study the affects of UV light on plants.
UV-C辐射
某些种类的紫外线会对植物造成更大的损害。UV-C质子是非常有活力和有很好的吸收的植物，所以他们可以做很多很快损坏，根据植物细胞。因为其中UV-C质子影响植物的速度，他们通常用于研究影响UV光对植物的光。